Paine talks about 1. Government (protects us) vs. Society (people coming together). He hypothetically discusses a situation involving a small group of people on an island completely cut off from society and how the group creates laws and such. Represents that people who make the laws will be more likely to abide by them and be much happier if they create them. Representation is the way to go. Paine obviously dislikes the British system because of its complexity and contradictions. He also talks about religion.
I think this is an important document, and it really gave us a lot of help with out government and how it is the way it is today.